Who Was Rosie the Riveter - 1298 Words

Even though Rosie the Riveter is an image frequently synonymous with the contemporary women’s movement, she was not designed to promote social change or improve the role of women in the workplace during World War II. In reality, she was promoted as the ideal female worker and was patriotic, confident, capable, and beautiful in a large propaganda campaign by the United States government. Since the war caused many men to answer the call to serve in the military, both at home and abroad, the United States was faced with the urgent challenge of recruiting women into the workforce. Rosie the Riveter was their solution to this problem. Who Was Rosie? The song, â€Å"Rosie the Riveter,† was released in 1943 and broadcast nationally on the radio. This is the first mention of Rosie that helped shape the image of the perfect female employee helping with the war effort for all the â€Å"right† reasons. Lyrics of the song include: â€Å"All the day long, Whether rain or shine, She’s a part of the assembly line. She’s making history, Working for victory, Rosie the Riveter. Keeps a sharp lookout for sabotage, Sitting up there on the fuselage. That little girl will do more than a male will do.† And jumping ahead: â€Å"There’s something true about, Red, white, and blue about, Rosie the Riveter.† The first visual image of Rosie was seen on the front of the May 29, 1943 edition of the Saturday Evening Post. Painted by Norman Rockwell, she was depicted as a larger woman and theShow MoreRelatedRosie The Riveter Was The Preeminent Icon For The Women s Rights Movement1654 Words   |  7 Pages Rosie the Riveter was the preeminent icon for the Women’s Rights Movement. Rosie represented the idea of women working during World War Two, and she was originally created as a government campaign. Previous to the 1940s, women were often identified as the housekeepers that would take care of the children while men would do the work that  ¨really mattered ¨9th. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, men abandoned their jobs for the war effort and left a hole in the workforce that women were required toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Riveter 851 Words   |  4 PagesRosie the Riveter is a symbolic figure and has helped shape America into what it is today. The bright yellow back r ound, with bold words standing out in the navy speech bubble, â€Å"We can do it†. The focus of the poster is much more than the words written. This poster is of the women of the modern world Rosie. She is wearing a jean shirt with rolled sleeve as she flexes her arm to show her strength. She has a red bandana around her head holding up her hair. She gives a twist to what the traditionalRead MoreAmerican History: Rosie the Riveter Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pages‘Rosie the Riveter’ is the name of a fictional character which was created to represent and symbolize the millions of real women who were encouraged by the North American government to join the work force in factories, munition plants and shipyards during World War II, while most men were called to duty to serve in the army during the war. After the 1st World War, the United States enjoyed a time of cultural and economic prosperity through the 1920’s, which ended with the Great Depression in 1929Read MoreEssay On World War 2787 Words   |  4 Pagesall they had to contribute to the war in some way. Even if it was something as simple as making inspirational posters, it still helped tremendously. In many ways, women who played a part in the war affected it greatly and the bravery they showed set a huge example for us today. To begin with, Rosie the Riveter is somebody we all hear about, but few know her backstory and how she began as the inspiration she is today. Rosie the Riveter stood as a huge inspiration to women’s involvement in World WarRead MoreAmerican Women During World War II990 Words   |  4 PagesIt was the year 1940, during World War II, where Hitler is his allies controlled most of Europe and threaten to control the world. Since Japan had attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the United States congress finally agreed to enter the war against Germany and its allies after having remained neutral during the war. On October 16, 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Selective Service and Training Act, which required all male citizens between the ages of 26 and 35 to register for the militaryRead MoreWorld War Ii Brought Monumental Movements, Struggles, And998 Words   |  4 Pagesconstructive effects of the war, such as vast numbers of women joining the workforce, overshadowed pit iful mistakes like Japanese internment camps. For every negative result of the war effort, for example increased rations on everyday necessities, there was an optimistic outlook on life, often provided by radios. The United States transformed in many ways, but emerged stronger than ever at the war’s end. Within a few years, the role of women morphed from a simple housewife to a hardworking war industryRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The Effects On Women s Rights1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution and the Effects on Women s Rights The Industrial Revolution was one of the most important and productive periods of history. The Industrial Revolution has to do with the time between the late 18th century and mid-19th century where there were profound advances in production, manufacturing, and other fields of engineering. It began in Great Britain in the late 1700s which then spread to the United States and then to many other parts of the world. Societies were very ruralRead MoreWomen Can Do It Too !2037 Words   |  9 Pageswoman’s only job was to take care of kids, clean the house, and cook for her family. This lack of success and the ability to work outside the home started changing in the late 1930’s. During World War II, the US government started funding money in order to produce propaganda posters. These posters often depicted characters who motivated citizens to join the war or be part of the workforce. One of these characters, Rosie the Riveter, did just that. Designed by J. Howard Miller in 1 943, Rosie encouragedRead MoreRosie the Riveter1519 Words   |  7 PagesRosie the Riveter was a fictional character that was created to encourage women to join the work force during World War II. Men were sent off to war and they left production jobs, factory jobs, and many other positions that needed to be filled. Unprecedented numbers of women entered the world of work, marking the beginning of a major movement of women in industry. The United States on the Eve of World War II: In December 1941, the United States economy was still recovering from the hard-hittingRead MoreAmerican Minorities Have Had It Pretty Rough Thought The History Of America1139 Words   |  5 Pagestremendous shortage of labor. Not only was there great demand for labor to build up the war machines necessary to fight, but also the men were leaving employment for military service in huge numbers. As a result society asked women to fill the jobs, and they rushed to take them. †Women in 1944 made up more than one-third of the civilian labor force† (Foner). There was a new found image of women now know as â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† who was a strong welding worker who helped build machines for the war effort

A Passing of the Torch; Europe from 1500-1800 Free Essays

A Passing of the Torch; Europe from 1500-1800 When you step back and observe history from afar you’re missing part of the story. Observing the rise of Europe, you cannot simply take into account it happened. To understand the past you need to look into past, in documents and first-hand accounts to observe the underlining issues. We will write a custom essay sample on A Passing of the Torch; Europe from 1500-1800 or any similar topic only for you Order Now To best explain the major shift in energy from the Indian Ocean Basin to the North Atlantic in 1500 to 1800 you have to observe the world and the people in context. Europe is an underdog to rise to the top. Having just experiencing the worst of the Black Death wiping out a majority of its populations, a tragedy in all senses, turned into a blessing. It sparked the scientific revolution; inspiring the Europeans to shift their views towards knowledge and discovery (Reilly, 434) . Sprinting ahead, Europe took the world by surprise. With their footing in a ‘new world’ the opportunities were endless. Exhausting their colonies at its full potential, with the cash crop, sugar they were able to revolutionize commerce into a representative model of modern trade. The Europeans weren’t the only ones making radical changes in the era. The Confucian Scholars were forcing Chinese to push inward and were eliminating commerce (Kristof, 551). Shifting of energy from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean; Europe gained power in the era through two main triggers, the scientific revolution and the developments of the sugar plantations in the new world. To better understand what’s happening with Europe in the 1500’s and later you need to also look back at the past and see where they have been and the events leading up to the beginning of a new era in European success and discovery. When you examine Europe today they are one of the world’s leaders, less than a thousand years ago the now prominent country was spiraling down, on the brink of demise. In the mid-fourteenth century the Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death, originated somewhere in Asia and progressively spread though out Europe, the Near East and North Africa. Without doubt it became the greatest health disaster to date; mass graves were being dug to compensate for the dead. The Plague spread like wildfire wiping out an estimated one-fourth to one-third of the population (Reilly, 436). With no known source of treatment available or why the disease was spreading the Europeans turned to what they knew best, Religion. The Christian consensus was that God had bestowed the plague as a devastating judgment with the meaning of punishing the inflicted for his sins. People tried anything to avoid their seeming inevitable deaths, from walking around with incense to mask the wreaking stench of death, fleeing from their homes to find unaffiliated areas, or most commonly turning to God. The priest with the duty of serving the people, considered holy and without sin, were the main care takers of the stricken. Unsurprisingly, they too needed to be cared for, for they as well, contracted the disease joining their following to the death beds. We know today that the Black Death was not a punishment from god, but at the time, they had only to believe what the church told them (Reilly, 460). As priest died alongside the commoners their belief system was shattered. It was common of the time to believe what the church had told them and take it as true. For instance the church stated that the earth was the center of the universe, and it was heresy to state otherwise. With the church being proven wrong, people began to look outward for new knowledge. â€Å"Without visiting a deep ravine, one cannot understand how deep the earth is†¦ ,† just like Emperor Taizong said Europe began looking at the world to discover the truths; what is now known as the Scientific Revolution and the beginning of their restoration. Today, it is impossible to think about Modern Times and the way we live without thinking about science. We have pushed the scientific front to our limits, and now reap the benefits, from cars, phones, to healthcare. The scientific revolution truly lives up to its name. It truly was revolutionary, the standard of knowledge in the Modern world. The revolution can be traced back to Europe in a dispirit search for new understanding. Looking outward for answers from other countries such as the Muslim world and China, who already had beginnings of scientific thought, a sense of discovery and development; inspired the Europeans. In the year 1492, sailing in search of new discovery, specifically a new trade route to China, Columbus had stumbled on a seemingly endless supply of natural resources, land, and opportunity. It was called America. Entirely changing the way the ancient Greeks had depicted the world, helping enlighten the people that common knowledge was wrong (Goldstone 715-716). The Scientific Revolution and the desire to reach for new understanding that came with it pushed the Europeans. Now doubting all they had been taught before tested the fabrics of their society, the discovery of America was the most significant aspect of the shift of energy into the Atlantic Ocean. This was exactly what Europe needed. Now having the mass amounts of resources, to utilize the discovery they required manpower. Slaves were the perfect tool for procuring the workforces they required. Where better to look than Africa? Packed with able bodied men, the African tribes lacking in the ability to retaliate, found their freedom relinquished; crammed into unsanitary, overcrowded slave ships (Mintz, 47). Martinique, a sugar plantation located on the island Lesser Antilles located in the Caribbean Sea, is an example of where they could have landed (Martinique, 628). In the drawing, Field Gang, you can see the sugar plantation, a large field being worked by a multitude of black workers and one controlling master watching over them, the multitude of slaves. To compensate for the disparity in the work force, the plantation owners had revolutionized the process in which they operated their plantations. Specialized tasks were given to each worker to increase efficiency. This specialization resembled the earliest forms of assembly line. However, instead of the machines we have today, they had an agro energy focus. This means that the plantations shifted toward the use of human energy over the use of machinery (In Class). Unknowingly the systems used on plantations translated directly to the factories which began to pop up in the urban cities. At the end of the Black Death, Europe was a country in chaotic state. They were looking for a change and this desire paved the way. With a lack of populous, the lords of the current system, serfdom collapsed with little to no one to work the fields. Unlike their competitors Europe moved into the cities in search of opportunity (In Class). Drawing from their experiences in the sugar plantation, and the slave trade the Europeans became the frontier in production. Springing up in the industrial cities, factories played a large part of the shifting of energy to Europe, with them, goods and services could be provided with a significantly lower cost and at more efficient rates. This without a doubt gave them an edge over the competition. With the coming times, Europe in the sense of the world scope began to break into the picture. The Transatlantic Trade, shipping of goods between Europe and its colonies, set the stage for the shift of energy to the Atlantic Ocean. Allowed access to the resources in the ‘New World’ causality benefited the colonizers with the cheapest production of desirables. It also set for a sense of manifest destiny for the country (In Class). In conclusion this marked the beginnings of modern society developing. The question of the era is why Europe? A country stricken by plague, the collapse of feudalism, and lacking in internal stability in the form of natural resources or people; happens to be the perfect candidate. The desire for knowledge and their desire to look outward fit the bill perfectly. To make the circumstances even more perfect China lost its edge in the commerce propelling Europe ahead. David Christian writes in his essay World History in Context â€Å"One of the aims of world history is to see the history of human beings as a single, coherent story, rather than as a collection of the particular stories of different communities. † When looking at the rise of Europe as a superpower in the world, you can’t focus on the singular efforts and happenings of Europe. The rest of the world had an influence on the future. The shift in energy wasn’t only accountable to the success of Europe, notably looking at China you can see the ties between the two. For Centuries China had been a leader in commerce and trade. They assembled the largest fleet known to date consisting of over 3500 ships which had the capabilities to sail across the Pacific enabling the most secure and cost efficient form of trade. The Merchants of this era were prospering but all good things have to come to an end. After the death of the Yongle Empire in 1424, a struggle for power out broke internally. Under suspicious circumstances the successor to the empire who was selected to rule the country died. The Confusion Scholars ceased control of the country introducing new policy and deep-rooted idealisms of their ancestors. Trying to turn the focus of the country inward by 1500 they dissembled the entire fleet, destroyed the records, and made it illegal for any ship to be constructed with more than two masts. By 1525 any ocean going ship had to be destroyed. Along with the disappearance of a great Chinese fleet the ports in India, it marked one of history’s biggest lost opportunities. Without the ability of merchants to export their goods, they fell from their former glory. To add burden to this the Scholars viewed them as â€Å"necessary evils at best† (Kristoff, 555-556). Also their country already vastly spread out over thousands of miles of land, contained almost all the necessary natural resources to self-sustain itself and found no need to search elsewhere for goods. Europe on the other hand, lacked in many natural resources, which cause the need for colonization and expansion of their limits. China’s unwillingness to become a global market, unlike Europe, hurt their chances of being at the top of the era (In Class). Instigating the shift in power during the era in question, the scientific revolution and developments made in the New World, lead to a drastic change in history. Imagine if Europe had not been affected by the Bubonic Plague. We might never have explored outwards to the Americas leaving the Native population to expand. It serves evidence to the fact that changing parts of the past would alter the future. If it wasn’t for the fact that Europe had rose to power. It is not irrational to assume many of the discoveries made in this time would differ. We live in the world we do today, because the shift in energy brought about from the scientific revolution and the developments with the sugar plantations, lead to the passing of the torch from China to Europe. How to cite A Passing of the Torch; Europe from 1500-1800, Papers

Future Network Systems and Security †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Future Network Systems and Security. Answer: Introduction Virtual Private Network or VPN is the type of private network, expanded over public network that allows users to receive and send information and data over public network just like the computing systems are directly associated to the private network. The main benefits of VPN that the application obtains are the management, security and the functionality of private network [1]. Virtual Private Networks even enable the staffs to access the office internet even when they are outside the office. Starnet is an organization with two distinct sites, situated in Sydney and Melbourne. These two sites require interfacing amongst each other and interchanging data safely. VPN is the solution for their problem. There are various ways or several types of VPN to link the two sites for example IPsec. The report outlines a brief description about the Virtual Private Network implemented in Starnet. A table showing all the interfaces at each site is given here. The interfaces include Internal private IP interface and External public IP interface [6]. The report also describes what type of VPN is recommended for Starnet and the differences between Site to Site and Remote Access VPN. The benefit or advantages of both the VPNs are mentioned here. The report further clarifies the security features provided by VPN to protect and secure the data and the advantages and disadvantages of Virtual Private Network. Internal Private IP Interface and External Public IP Interface Site A and Site B of Starnet needs to be connected using the virtual private network. The implementation plan ensures that the local area networks or LANs at the both the sites are accessible with one another. Internal Private IP Interface External Public IP Interface i) An internal IP interface is the address, which is allocated by the local network router and is utilized within a private network to discover the devices or systems linked with it [4]. i) An external IP interface is the address, which is also allocated by the local network router and is utilized over the complete Internet to discover computer systems and devices [2]. ii) A private IP interface is provided by several devices of network, for example the routers by utilizing Network Address Translation or NAT ii) Such feature is unavailable in external public IP interface. iii) These types of IP interfaces cannot be contacted directly over the network. iii) Public IP interfaces can be contacted over the network [7]. iv) The main advantage of this interface is that it has the ability to switch servers quickly [13]. iv) The main advantage of external public IP interface is that it can be connected to the system from any machine anywhere. v) Another advantage of this IP interface is its security. It is extremely secured. v) External IP interface is not as safe as the internal IP interface [16]. vi) Private interfaces do not lose internet connectivity [18]. vi) External public interfaces has the tendency to lose internet connectivity very often. The above differences describe the differences between the Internal private IP interface and External public IP interface. For the case study of Starnet, two suitable IP addresses are assumed as A and B. the routers are R1 and R2. Type of VPN Implemented There are several types of Virtual Private Network or VPN. The basic types of VPN are as follows: i) Remote Access VPN: This connection enables an individual to link from an unlikely situation to a private organization network with the help of a desktop computer or laptop that are connected to the Internet [2]. ii) Site to Site VPN: This is the kind of Virtual Private Network, which is generated between the two different locations [7]. Site to site VPN helps to link two completely discrete geographical networks or locations. iii) Internet Protocol Security or IPSec: This is a set of protocols, which gives security to the internet protocol [19]. It normally utilizes cryptography to obtain security. iv) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol or L2TP: It is a tunneling protocol, utilized to reinforce the Virtual Private Networks [11]. The main disadvantage of this protocol is that it does not give any security by itself. v) Point to Point Tunneling Protocol or PPTP: It is an obsolete method for the implantation of VPNs [10]. It utilizes a channel of control of TCP to encrypt the point-to-point packets. vi) Secure Sockets Layer or SSL: This is a type of VPN that is utilized with the help of a norm Web browser [1]. The main advantage of this secure sockets layer is that it never requires any kind of installation of the exclusive client software on the computer of the end user. vii) Transport Layer Security or TLS: The successor of SSL is known as the Transport Layer Security protocol or the TLS. viii) Open VPN: This is the open source software application, which executes the virtual private network techniques for generating the secured site-to-site or point-to-point connections in bridged configurations [20]. ix) Secure Shell or SSH: It is ciphered network protocol used for functioning the services of network safely over the unsafe network. The type of virtual private network implemented in Starnet is the Internet Protocol Security VPN. IPSec is a protocol suite of network, which validates and ciphers the data packets sent over the network [9]. It includes protocols for initiating mutual authentication within the agents at the starting of the session and negotiating the cryptographic keys to utilize within the session. Starnet would get the advantages of IPSec. The benefits of Internet Protocol Security are as follows: a) Origin of Data Authentication: This feature helps to identify who has sent the data to whom and thus hacking can be mitigated [8]. b) Encryption: This characteristic ensures that data is not read during the time of sending or within the route. c) Connectionless Integrity: This feature ensures that data is not altered during the time of sending or within the route [12]. d) Protection: IPSec helps to detect the packets and to protect them against the attacks of DoS or denial of service [19]. IPSec should be selected, as it is the most secured virtual private network. It is implemented in a router or firewall and it gives high security, whose application is to cross the perimeter. IPSec comes under the transport layer and the translucent applications [2]. The main advantage of this protocol is its high security. The applications of Starnet will be extremely secured with the help of this protocol. Site to Site and Remote Access VPN Difference Site to site and Remote Access Virtual Private Networks are the two best types of VPNs. However, they differ a lot in their applications and networking. A site-to-site virtual private network enables organizations located in various fixed locations to reinforce safe connections amongst each other over the public network [3]. An example of site-to-site VPN is the internet. It extends the network of the organization so that the employees get the network from other locations as well. There are mainly two types of site-to-site VPNS. They are as follows: a) Extranet: When a particular company is related to another company like the supplier, partner or customer, it builds an extranet VPN, which can connect to the LANs of those companies [13]. The advantage of this extranet is that it enables all the organizations to do the job in a shared and safe network by preventing any kind of utilization to the different intranets. b) Intranet: When an organization has more than one remote location that is needed to connect in one private network, the organization constructs an intranet VPN to attach every different LAN to one WAN. A remote access VPN enables all users to reinforce safe connections with the help of a network of remote computer. These users usually access the network to obtain secured resources just like the networks are directly connected to the servers of the network. There are two elements requires for a remote access VPN [14]. The first component is a network access server or NAS. This is also known as the media gateway or a remote access server or RAS. A NAS is a committed server and it can be claimed as one of the multiple software applications that are running on the shared server. A NAS is something that links the Internet with a user to give authenticated credentials to register in to the virtual private network. To validate the credentials of the user, the network access server utilizes its own process of authentication or a different server of authentication running on the network [17]. The other element of VPN is the client software. The staffs, who wish to utilize the virtual privat e network from their own systems need software on the systems, which can reinforce and maintain a link with the VPN. Most of the operating systems have software automatically installed in them which links to remote access VPNs, since some of the VPNs may need users to establish a distinct application. This second element sets a tunneled linkage to the NAS that the end user demonstrates by the internet address [5]. This client software further controls the encryption to secure the connection. The main difference between site-to-site and remote access VPNs is that site to site VPN is server-to-server connection, whereas remote access VPN is a client to server. The site-to-site VPN is an ASA to ASA connection but remote access VPN example is PC to ASA [11]. Another difference is that in site-to-site the keys and networks should match for the link to reinforce. However, in remote access VPN, the server validates the client and informs the client which is the route towards tunnels and wh ich one are not. The advantages of site-to-site VPN are as follows: a) High Security: It permits high security b) Managed Service: It can be installed by a particular enterprise or can be offered as the managed service. c) Enables network in Multi locations: It enables network in multiple locations at a single time even after locating outside the internet premises [12]. The main advantages of remote access VPN are as follows: a) The moment a firewall is acquired, it involves many licenses for the remote access VPN connections [4]. b) It is extremely cost effective. c) An established and recognized technology and at the same time is extremely simple. Security Features of VPN A virtual private network is a private network that is utilized to access the network virtually over the public network [14]. It has several features. The characteristics of VPN are as follows: i) VPN filters the traffic in network and it helps to understand which traffic should be allowed. ii) VPN configures the traffic filters. Configuration is extremely important for any network. iii) VPN keeps the systems connected [20]. iv) VPN helps in strong encryption. v) VPN helps to forward the secrecy. vi) VPN helps to secure the protocols strongly. The above mentioned statements clearly describe the security features of virtual private network. IPSec is a protocol suite of network, which validates and ciphers the data packets sent over the network. It includes protocols for initiating mutual authentication within the agents at the starting of the session and negotiating the cryptographic keys to utilize within the session [13]. IPSec protects the flow of data within the pair of hosts that means the host-to-host between the host and the security gateway that means the network to host. It utilizes various cryptographic security services to secure the communications over the networks of Internet Protocols. IPSec reinforces the replay protection, data integrity. It also helps in data origin authentication, network level peer authentication, and data confidentiality (encryption). It is an end-to-end scheme of security that is operating in theInternet Layer of theInternet Protocol Suite, whereas some of the other security systems of internet are also in use, such as the Secure Shell or SSH andTransport Layer Security(TLS) [7]. Th ese function in thetop layersat the Application Layer or SSH and the Transport Layer or TLS. IPSec can secure the applications in the Internet Protocol layer automatically. The three protocols used in the case of IPSec are as follows: a) Authentication Header: The Authentication Header or AH is a component of the protocol suite of Internet Protocol Security [5]. This Authentication Header guarantees the data origin authentication and connectionless integrity of all the IP packets. b) Encapsulating Security: The Encapsulation Security Payload or ESP gives confidentiality, integrity and authentication that protect against the data tampering and provide protection to the content of the message [16]. It even gives a framework for the implementation of standard algorithms like the SHA and MD5. c) Internet Key Exchange: the Internet Key Exchange is a protocol in the IPSec protocol suite that is utilized to put up a SA or security association. Internet Key Exchange constructs on the ISAKMP and the protocol of Oakley [6]. Advantages and Disadvantages of VPN A VPN or Virtual Private Network is a private network over the public network and allows the users to receive and send data over the public and shared networks as if their systems are directly linked to the private network [14]. The main benefits that the applications get from VPN are the security, management and functionality of the private network. VPN even enables the staffs of an organization to access the intranet safely even when they are present outside the office [1]. There are various advantages and disadvantages of VPN. The advantages of VPN are as follows: i) With the help of a VPN, the users are able to access a network or a computer system from any place, which has any type of internet connection. ii) VPN is extremely secured and it provides high security to the network [18]. iii) VPN is extremely cost effective and it makes it very popular for all organizations. iv) VPN has the advantage to work within the public network such as a private network or a WiFi hotspot. v) VPN is extremely flexible and scalable. vi) It can open the blocked sites and can encapsulate the IP address with the replacement of public IP VPN [12]. vii) It uses cryptography and thus can be claimed as secured. In spite of having so many advantages, VPN do have various disadvantages. The disadvantages of VPN are as follows: i) Data sometimes get lost during the journey. ii) VPN needs extra attention to set up the security system completely to mitigate the cyber crime acts [3]. iii) Public access is prohibited in virtual private network. iv) Most of the connections are long distanced in VPN. v) Sharing of files sometimes creates problem for VPN [6]. These are the advantages and the disadvantages of Virtual Private Network. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, Virtual Private Network is a secured network that provides a highly secured virtual network. The above report clearly describes the difference between the interfaces and what type of virtual private network should be implemented for the case study of Starnet. The report also explains the differences between the Site to Site VPN and the Remote Access VPN and also the advantages of both of them. The security features of VPN are also explained in this report. The report also covers the three important protocols of IPSec and also the advantages and disadvantages of VPN to the network. References [1]L. Qu, X. Cui and X. Liu, "IPv6 in IPv4 Virtual Private Network Based on Virtual Devices in Vehicle Information System",Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 321-324, pp. 2910-2913, 2013. [2]F. Gharehchopogh, R. Aliverdiloo and V. Banayi, "A New Communication Platform for Data Transmission in Virtual Private Network",International Journal of Mobile Network Communications Telematics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-9, 2013. [3]M. Liyanage and A. Gurtov, "Securing virtual private LAN service by efficient key management",Security and Communication Networks, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-13, 2013. [4]M. Sathyan.K, "Security Enhancement of Firewall Policies in Virtual Private Network",IOSR Journal of Engineering, vol. 02, no. 02, pp. 197-202, 2012. [5]H. Lian and A. Farag, "Optimizing Virtual Private Network Design Using a New Heuristic Optimization Method",ISRN Communications and Networking, vol. 2012, pp. 1-9, 2012. [6]F. Ibikunle, S. Oloja and E. Philip O., "Campus Network Virtualization using Multiprotocol Label Switching Virtual Private Networks (MPLS-VPNs)",International Journal of Applied Information Systems, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 1-9, 2013. [7]J. Guichard,MPLS and VPN architectures. Cisco Press, 2012. [8]H. Hooper,CCNP security VPN 642-647 official cert guide. Indianapolis, Ind.: Cisco Press, 2012. [9]K. Grewal and R. Dangi, "Comparative Analysis of QoS VPN Provisioning Algorithm on Traditional IP based VPN and MPLS VPN using NS-2",International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 43-46, 2012. [10]V. Perta, M. Barbera, G. Tyson, H. Haddadi and A. Mei, "A Glance through the VPN Looking Glass: IPv6 Leakage and DNS Hijacking in Commercial VPN clients",Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, vol. 2015, no. 1, 2015. [11]B. B?NU, "Security Technologies Implemented in MPLS VPN Networks",International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 9-16, 2012. [12]W. Stallings,Cryptography and network security. Boston: Pearson, 2017. [13]"Cyber-security",Network Security, vol. 2014, no. 1, p. 4, 2014. [14]"Introduction to Computer and Network Security",Network Security, vol. 2013, no. 11, p. 4, 2013. [15]A. Patel, "Network performance without compromising security",Network Security, vol. 2015, no. 1, pp. 9-12, 2015. [16]"DNS Security",Network Security, vol. 2016, no. 11, p. 4, 2016. [17]S. Foresti and G. Persiano,Cryptology and Network Security. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. [18]R. Doss, S. Piramuthu and W. ZHOU,Future Network Systems and Security. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. [19]S. Saraswathi, "Mitigating Strategy to Shield the VPN Service from DoS Attack",International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 53-63, 2012. [20]J. Chu, "Designing and Implementation of High Concurrent SSL VPN Server",Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 241-244, pp. 2424-2429, 2012.

Baria Planning Solutions Publicly Traded Firm Essay Example

Baria Planning Solutions: Publicly Traded Firm Paper In 2007 and 2008, BSP acquired 3 firms, which served government sector, manufacturing companies and retail sector respectively, However, BSP allowed the acquired firms to operate semi-autonomously, which resulted in incompatibility mongo different departments, along with seasonal workload issue, both factors contributed to the decreased efficiencies, thus lowered the of overall performance. As for customer categorization, BSP categorized its customers into four different sortsnew sale, renewal, expansion, and pilot. However, although the direct sales force Of BSP served customers globally, its primary target market is North America. The North American Sales organization was structured into three groups Sales, Sales Operation, and Sales Support. Chuck Dee, Jane Albright and Christy Connors are corresponding directors of he above three groups. Employees in Sales Group were the front line force of the organization and they were split into four major industry sectors. Their primary job for Sales group was to make deals with customers and act as a bridge between Sales Support group and its clients, The Sales Operation group was responsible for competitive intelligence, win-loss analysis, sales training, staffing and managing the sales force compensation plan, Below sis list of four main responsibilities of Sales Support group. We will write a custom essay sample on Baria Planning Solutions: Publicly Traded Firm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Baria Planning Solutions: Publicly Traded Firm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Baria Planning Solutions: Publicly Traded Firm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First, collecting data from prospects and transform data into a standard Fortran, Second, processing data wrought Bosss own spend analysis software and identify opportunities tort cost reductions and supplier performance environment, Third, assisting salesperson in developing and pitching proposal after the second step. Fourth, developing ultimate pricing proposal in accordance with sales strategy _ president of BSP got direct report and feedback from directors of sales, sales operation, and sales support department respectively. Unlike other firms, which organized their sales support teams entirely by geography, BSP organized its sales support teams by industry focus. This unique structure provided BSP with advantage over its peer monitors by deeper understanding of industry-centric issues. SOOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS BSP occupied 18% market share in 2010, which is not a small amount when compared With Other firms. Although it faced the issue Of delayed proposals, the majority customers from different industries had provided positive feedback about its professional expertise and know. Because of its outstanding professional ethics, BSP consistently gained a renewal rate of around and 92% in consecutive years before 2008. Through a series of acquisitions of small firms in various industries, the company lowered its overall risk. Besides, BSP initiated a new selling process, which was very appealing to both existing and potential targeted customers. Moreover, a highly collaborative team and a detailed, execution-ready proposal would result in a timely service delivery with prominent project. If the performance Of final proposal was lower than the clients original expectation, part of the loss would count in Bosss check. This was the core strength Of BSP because customers got risk sharing pricing or performance guarantees from BSP. WEAKNESSES The recent dismal performance caused most customers felt disappointed ND dissatisfactory with BSP, The direct consequence was that the company not only lost its existing clients, but also potential customers. Cease of consistent renewal rate in 2010 was a warning sign. To make things even worse, the established reputation and goodwill would decrease in the long run. Moreover, though new solution-selling process was an excellent point to attract customers, it placed BSP in a dangerous position since it had to share the risk with its customers poor performance, There is no doubt that it was a selling point to both attract potential customers and maintain existing clients, but it those rapports did not work out, it would definitely soar the cost burden of BSP and increase the risk of operation of the company. OPPORTUNITIES First Of all, BSP could gain a higher market share by properly fixing the delay problem. Compared with its competitors, BSP had a relative higher quality proposal, Which helped it to establish a good reputation among customers and satisfies most clients they served. Secondly, BSP can accomplish economies of scales by acquiring firms in different industries With good reputation, Which boosts its market share in the short run. In the long run, when these acquired impasses get compatible with each other, the overall efficiencies will increase while the unit cost Will decrease, thus achieve economies of scale. By virtue of this, the company will not only attain its existing customers but also gain more potential clients, which further boosts its market share. The increased market share will result in a better reputation for the company, which makes it possible for the company to exert more potential in the future market, THREATS Since BSP was a consulting service company, it was a cyclical industry. One of the main threats it may encounter could be economic recession, Even though t was a general threat that could influence most industries, BSP still suffered greatly from economic recession. To make things worse, many competitors entered the industry when the economies were getting worse. Although BSP had its first mover advantages in the industry, competitions were getting more intense since more and more emerging consulting companies and large software companies had tried to enter this market These multi-national conglomerates also consolidated with small companies to gain more local advantages, taking away some market share by attracting both existing and potential customers. Besides, most competitors in the industry had organized the sales support teams by geographic area and they hired local managers. This niche-play Strategy was definitely helpful because the local managers were more familiar with the local environment, culture, demographic characteristics, etc. , Which helps them to access their customers easily and more efficiently control the customer services. Therefore, BSP did not have much advantage in competing With its competitors in local clients, which could affect BOSSS further development in the future. Problem analysis of BSP In 2010, the company had an extremely bad performance in both attracting new clients and renewing existing clients. Although the number of opportunities were more than what it was initially estimated, the companys win rate dropped from forecasted 1 percent to 15. 5 percent, and the consistent renewal rate dropped from 91 percent to 84 percent. The main reason that contributed to the dismal performance of the company the low efficiencies of sales support process caused by seasonal workload, which gave rise to the delaying of proposal deadlines, thus substantially influenced the forwarding step of BSP. According to the rule of thumb of BSP, if the utilization rate was below 70 percent of its capacity, it was considered low/ risk of staff shortage, median risk between 70 to 85 percent, high risk between 85 to 100 percent, over capacity if exceeded ICC percent. Staff in sales support group generally complained about the unrealistic crazy workload, which means they were being over utilized. However, according to Some interior data generated from the company, the average risk level of sales support function was median, which contradicted With the real situation. The reason laid behind the contradiction was the seasonal swings of workload. Since the structure of BSP was industry-focused, in some periods Of the year, most stuff had nothing to do. While in some hot seasons, even if they tried their best and even sacrificed their vacation, they still could not finish their work. The extreme busy and extreme leisure resulted in a median utilization, but greatly decreased the overall efficiency of the company. Besides, BSP conducted 3 acquisitions in 2009, and tried to synergies and integrates the overall performance. However, these firms had thoroughly efferent technology platforms, service delivery processes, and even different fiscal year ends. As result, low efficiency is inevitable due to the incompatibility with each other. Recommendations and Improvements To efficiently solve the problem caused by seasonal workload variations, the company needs to identify the bottleneck of the sales support process and make some changes to improve the overall efficiency and compatibility. In the sales support department, proposal support process spends the longest cycle time among the four functions, which is 107 hours (exhibit I L The manufacturing sector has the slowest cycle time, which is 21 1 hours (exhibit 2). The proposal support department is the most significant process of sales support department, but the incompatibility with other departments by using industry focus structure made it looks independent and the shared across sales divisions make the sales support teams behave slowly and they seem lack a sense of urgency or ownership, which is necessary to push proposals across the goal line. Compared to BSP, all the other competitors are using hybrid structure, which means everay ales support team member is knowledgeable across all industries. They are generalists and understand how each industry functions. However, if we just simply discontinue industry focus Structure and use a hybrid Structure, it Will take years for each person to develop this type of knowledge and might not be the best structure. Therefore, we decided to execute the combination of both industry and hybrid structure in proposal support team. We suggest BSP to reorganize proposal support process with organizing 4 members work in hybrid structure as a floating sales support team; maintaining 2 members in energy, overspent and retail ; other segments respectively, and 4 members in manufacturing. In every specific industry, generalists from floating team will cooperate with specialists, which equates the workload of each process, such as develop configuration of software, project management, and consulting to address the identified opportunities. When the season is in a full swing, the floating team moves to the team that needs help most. Consequently, manufacturing will have 8 members instead of 5; energy and government departments will have 6 members instead of 3 to work together to decrease he possibility of delayed proposal during the peak time. Y recruiting more employees, reorganizing industry structure, and reallocating the proposal staff, seasonal variation will be eliminated, extreme values of utilization will decrease and capacity will be more consistent with expected demand. In order to accomplish continuous quality improvements among the three departments, more frequent and deeper communication should be established, especially between sales and sales support. Cus tomer relation management software (CRM) also can be introduced to Baric to sales people for the purpose Of tracking pacific and correct process and activities that operated by sales support.

Gap

Gap 1. Floor plan: According to the layout of the floor plan for this section (Fresh) of Express. There are some different types of skirts and dresses are hanged on different locations. Merchandises in the wall are only have two types of tops (long and short sleeves cotton ribbed Tee) that are folded or hanged. Like the walls, merchandises on the floor are also displays by showing variation of merchandises with fixtures, T-stands, rectangular-stands, and four- way stands. There are only two types of ribbed tees are on the wall, and some dresses are hanged under the tees. In front of the section there are 4 mannequins display some of the dresses, and those merchandise are on the back. The rest of other dresses are hand on the both T-stands, 4-way-stands and rectangular stand. Hanged merchandises are size smallest to largest from right to the left or from front to back while folded merchandises are size smallest to largest from top to bottom.English: The Ferry Building in San Francisco alo ng...On the left-hand side of this store ¡Ã‚ ¦s section. It has 2 dressing rooms at first, mirror in the middle, another dress room by followed, an emergency exit on the back. On the right-hand side, there is other section of the store.In the Fresh section, merchandises in the walls are folded and hanged and shown in cotton rib tee with short sleeves of hot red, and white, long sleeves of dark blue and black. And some of the dresses are hanging under the tops, which are 3 style of 4 different color floral dress. It has soft fit a- and  ¡Vshare with wide straps. Button front whit/blue/orange/yellow /green. The merchandise on the floor are carried by 9 fixture, 6 T-stand, 2 for 4-way-stands and a rectangular-stand. ¡P T-stands and 4-ways are used to hold: ~ Striped twin set...

Albrecht Durer Biography

Albrecht Durer Biography Essay Durer was a goldsmith, he had come from Germany to Nurembourg in 1455 and married Barbara Holper. Barbaras father was Albrechts master. Albrecht was his fathers third son. He was named Albrecht because of a family tradition which he has been the third representative so far. Albrecht had three brothers named Laszlo, Albrecht, and Ajtos. Albrecht was apprenticed to his father at the age of 13. His father introduced him to the working with metal and the use of tools with laid the ground work for his skill of engraving. He also learned painting from his father at the age of 13. He preferred to draw and paint than to goldsmithing. He painted a self portrait of himself at 13. This self-portrait took the careful and the accurate work of all of the details to some him his artistic talent. In 1486, Albrechts father sent him to learn painting and wood working from Michael Wolgemut. Michael Wolgemut was a spectacular painter and woodcut illustrator. In Michael W. s busy shop Albrecht learned the fundamentals of drawing, painting, and wood cutting. Albrecht also helped Micheal W. make some illustrations for books. Michael W. probably took Albrecht to the Netherlands, Basel, Stratsbourg, and in 1492 to Colmar in Alsace. Albrecht spent so much time with him he called him his second father. His main attraction was to see the master, Martin Schongauer. Who at the time was the leading German graphic artist of the time. On the way there Albrecht found out the master had died. On his arrival Martins brothers showed him prints, drawings, and Schongauers perfect engravings from the masters workshop. The prints, drawings, and engravings had a big influence on Albrechts work. Albrecht then went to Basel to stay with another brother of Schongauer, who conducted a goldsmith workshop there. Basel was the center of graphic production and book publishing at the time. In Basel Albrecht made many contacts and contributed a signed woodcut for the title page of the Letters of St. Jerome. The success he had from this woodcut probably led to another commission in Basel. In the fall of 1493, Albrecht went to Stratsbourg where he continued to work for publishers. In the end of May 1494 Albrecht returned to Nurembourg. In July 7, 1494 the 23 year old painter married Agnes Frey. Agnus was the daughter of a merchant. Not long after his marriage in the fall of 1494 he took his first trip to Italy. This visit enabled him to see his good friend Willard Pirckheimer who introduced Albrecht to humanist thought and classical literature. Albrecht spent most of his time of his first trip in Venice, Italy. There he met Jacopo deBarbari. deBarbari whose figures constructed to geometrical methods and proportions inspired Albrecht to live a lifelong study of theoretical writings. In Venice, Albrecht made drawings of exotic figures, animals, and did nature studies. On the ride home Albrecht made a abundant use of his water colors painting the landscape around the Alps. Albrecht returned to Nurembourg by the summer of 1495. With the return of his trip he produced a large amount of paintings and engravings. Albrecht used the medium of engraving because that reflected his theoretical interests. From about 1500 Albrechts concern for the problems of proportion and perspective increased. This action was probably caused by the fresh contacts with the Italian works and study of Vitruvius. In 1502, after a long period of weakness Albrechts father had died. His fathers death had shaken him up a tremendously. Soon after that Albrecht suffered from depression fits and tormenting dreams. â‚ ¬Ã… ¡ His appetite for work had not been impaired due to his father. READ: The Painting of the Sistine Chapel EssayHe continued to work like nothing had happened. The Adam and Eve painting in 1504 showed a lot of his techniques of engraving and the construction of geometrical methods of male and female figures. The painting Paumgartner Altarpiece shows a proportional emphasis on the view of proportions. Throughout Albrechts career he produced portraits of family, friends and patrons. Albrecht painted 2 important self-portraits called Prado Madrid and Alte Pinakothek, Munich. In 1505, Albrecht drew Crowned Death on a Thin Horse, the plague epidemic inspired this painting. Because of this plague Albrecht immediately departured from Italy in the summer of 1505. At the age of 34 he was fully matured and successful with his career. After Albrecht stopped in Augsburg he went to Venice to develop his painting style. Although many people admired his paintings they said he was not as antique enough. Only Giovanni Bellini commended him of his work. Albrechts highest achievement at the time was Feast of the Rose Garlands, which was ordered by the German merchants in Venice. In this painting he combined the richness of Venetian color and the vast of Italian compositions. Albrecht returned to his home of Nurembourg in February 1507. A long time patron, Frederick the Wise entitled him to paint an altarpiece showing the execution of 10,000 Christians by a Persian king. Albrecht had already made a woodcut of that subject but now he also painted it. For a couple of more years he continued to paint requests for people. Albrecht started a series of wood cuts of The Life of the Virgin. These were a series of legendary stories about the virgin. Albrecht made his wood cuts and figures move easily in the third dimension Albrechts Life of the Virgin series agreed with his growing concern for geometric form. In his figures and wood cuts you can see the perfect work done with a ruler and compass. You can also see his admiration with the Platonic notion of the human figure. Platonic notion is the human body drawn with mathematical formulas. In his painting The Fall of Man Albrecht went through a hard time trying to achieve a geometrical figure of two beings known as man and woman. After many years of practicing geometrical figures Albrecht learned how to paint several strands of hair with just one stroke. Giovanni Bellini, one of Albrechts admirer asked him to make a present of one of his brushes he draws the strands of hair with. Bellini was surprised when he saw the brush. Bellini said that the brissels must be separated or divided to draw several strands of hair at once. Albrecht said that he drew it with a form of symmetry. In 1505, Nurembourg was hit with another plague sending bodies down the street in carts. In that late summer Albrecht left again to go to Venice. Albrecht left his wife behind and his assistants to take care of his shop. This time he did not have enough money to go so he had to borrow from Pirckheimer to make the journey. He traveled in luxury, this time he went with horses and a quantity of baggage that included his portraits he planned to sell. Albrecht sold most of his paintings to Italy. In Venice, Albrecht bought a Italian coat with the money he got from the paintings. He also took some dance lessons at a local school with a fine man he met. Albrecht met many new friends everywhere he went. Albrechts only disappointment of the trip was when he found some gray hairs on his head. Albrecht wrote to Pirckheimer saying to take care of his family and to lend money to his mom if she needed it. He also included to inform him to not make love to his wife. READ: The Buck Stops (and Starts) at Business Schools EssayAlbrecht also told Perckheimer that he is not supposed to take drinks or eat from any of the Venetian painters because they all try to copy his work and they are my enemies. In 1509, Albrecht returned home and was elected as a member of Nurembourgs Grand Council. This was a group of 200 men of wealth who sometimes added to their number fellow citizens who had distinguished themselves in other ways. Albrechts new position did not interfere with his artistic production. Back in his workshop he continued to work on the Fall of Man engraving. This engraving was the picture of Adam and Eve standing with the animals. Albrecht changed his method from geometrical construction to the first pair of human beings. The year 1511 was very extraordinary for Albrecht. In that one year he published all of his greatest woodcut series like The Apocalypse, The Large Passion, and The Life of a Virgin. In 1513, Albrecht was mainly concentrating on engraving. He made a charcoal engraved self-portrait of his mother with a personal, tender message. Albrecht was also busy making a huge woodcut Triumphal Procession and Triumphal Arch. In July 1520, Albrecht and his wife took a trip to the Netherlands to see emperor, Charles V. He also had to find new markets for his work. Albrecht did not have good success in the Netherlands but he did meet fellow artists. Albrecht left within a year and produced a number of portrait engravings in Nurembourg. On April 6, 1528, the 57 year old died. At his death his theoretical treaties were not fully completed. Some of them were already published. According to Albrecht, capturing the beauty of the human body is the most meaningful aim of art. But this cannot be realized without knowledge of proportion and anatomy, and only through geometry can be true beauty be known.

Nursing Assessment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing Assessment - Coursework Example Firstly, the patient should be asked about the details of the shortness of breath by defining the symptoms as well as finding how long the patient has been in that condition. Some of the main variables to identify in the symptoms include onset time, location, severity, duration, radiation and quality. Secondly, there would be the establishment of the history of symptom obtained through talking to the patient about the frequency of short breath. This may uncover the pattern in the symptom presentation and may help determine any respiratory problem if the patient reports regular physical exertion. Thirdly, there will be discussion on pre-existing patient's condition in order to obtain a comprehensive medical history about the patient. Any information on hospitalizations of the patient enhances determination of factors that can result or contribute to breathing difficulties. At this point, the medications should be discussed since some drugs may result side effects, including the shortn ess of breath. The other questions will involve the eating habits. For coughing, the patient should be asked the frequency of coughing and the duration of coughing. The information on the blood or mucus and the color can necessitate getting of some information. The patient will then be asked how the obesity condition affects the life quality like disrupted routines (Beaman, 2011). Physical examination may involve first determining the BMI and examining the body clearly. Secondly, the lungs must be examined. This involved determination of the body weight, temperature and the body mass index (BMI) that entails measuring the height in order to enhance the determination of the effects of weight of the health condition. Also, this would involve listening to lungs and heart beat using stethoscope. Checking of the signs of blood backing up in the neck veins may facilitate determination of cor pulmonale disorder of the heart. Then there should be a full cardiac examination that involves lis tening to the six sections of the heart with the diaphragm and the bell of the stethoscope. This may reveal underlying cardiac condition like murmur which results from incompetent heart valve. Thereafter, the respiratory rate of the patient must be measured to enhance quantification of the shortness of breath. The normal respiratory rate for an adult ranges from 12-18 breaths per minute and the extent of deviation from the normal rate indicates the severity of the patient’s breathing condition (Utian, 2004). Pressing the abdomen enhances determination of abdominal palpation. The lips and fingers must be assessed for cyanosis while fingers must be checked for any clubbing. Physical examination might be a little painful, especially the abdominal palpation. Prioritized health history and physical assessment enhances diagnosis, and must be performed on a regular basis as they may reveal risk factors that suggest increased risk. The physical risks will enhance assessment of severi ty of conditions such as the inability of completing full sentences without having to take a breath (Beaman, 2011). A prioritized history and assessment of the heart enhances the exclusion of heart diseases associated or, which may result into a similar situation. Based on the assessments above, two interventions that I would prioritize include heart and lung interventions; heart failure and pulmonary hypertension for the

Cb5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cb5 - Assignment Example Therefore the behavior of the consumer is determined by the motivation he or she gets. need for self-actualization. The most basic and fundamental four levels of the pyramid comprise of deficiency needs as termed by Maslow, they include security, friendship and love, esteem, and physiological needs. If these needs are not met with the exemption of the essential physiological need, there might be no physical sign, but the person will feel tense and anxious. This theory proposes that the most essential needs should be met before the person strongly desires the higher level or secondary needs (Patrick, 2003). Consumer involvement is the degree of data processing or level of significance that a customer accords to a product. The level of involvement has a very important impact on the behavior of the consumer. High involvement purchasing decisions are always the dream of a marketer as in this level consumers as the buying decisions are informed and planned. This is because the buyer purchases the product since it is important to them, therefore he or she concentrates on the features and warranties, and the price is not an issue. However, low involvement buying decisions are those that are formulated without planning, and they come about if one spots a product and they impress them. To increase customer involvement, marketers should select the correct customers, select pilots that fit into the present culture and should be aware of what consumers look for in their products (Michaelidou & Dibb, 2008). The self-image comprises of three dissimilar dimensions, that is the real self, the ideal self, and the self-esteem. The self-esteem refers to the positivity to an individual’s self-concept. Marketing communications may influence the self-esteem of an individual. Low self-esteem is when a person thinks they cannot do a task while high self-esteem is the opposite and individuals may tend to think more of themselves. The

Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay Shakespeare wrote Macbeth between 1603 and 1606 for King James 1st (England) and 6th (Scotland). Its about a tale of royalty treachery heroes and witches. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth 1 the public were full of tales of witches and evil. Witchcraft was a subject that the English took very seriously. They believed that a witch had a third nipple under her arm. They burned women or threw them in lakes to see if they floated, if they did, they were sentenced to death. It is estimated that in Scotland between 1564 and 1603 eight thousand suspected witches were burned to death. These executions did not cease until the end of the seventeenth century. The sight of witches in an Elizabethan theatre would have been terrifying for the audience. For my English coursework on Macbeth I have chosen to look at act one scene one, two and three. This is due to the simple fact that it is the introduction to the play and indeed it sets the feel to the whole play In Shakespeares play, we open during a thunderstorm; this prepares us for the evil witches. Three witches come onto the stage: When shall we three meet again In thunder, lightning, or in rain? The first witch asks what the setting shall be for their next meeting, thunder, lightning and rain conditions that most people would find frightening and would stay away from. The second witch says that they will meet: When the hurlyburlys done, When the battles lost and won. We then find out that they are going to meet on the heath. They have insight into the future. The witches tell us that they are going to meet Macbeth. We do not know who Macbeth is or why the witches are meeting him, but we think that he must be evil because he is linked with the witches. Their familiars call to them and they disappear chanting: Fair is foul, and foul is fair: This expresses the main themes in the play, the reversal of fortunes, and the fact that appearance can be deceptive. And we later see Macbeth is fair in Duncans eyes but underneath he is foul, he will later betray Duncan. The opening scene is exactly thirteen lines long, thirteen is unlucky and in those times unlucky things were bad. So by this point the audience will have picked up that these are bad people. Scene two opens in a camp near the battlefield; King Duncan, Malcolm and Donalbain, his sons, and Lennox are present. They see a bleeding Captain and ask him how the battle is going. The Captain tells them how well Macbeth fights: For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name- Till he unseamed him from the nave to the chops, And fixed his head upon our battlements. This is portraying a picture of a tall and strong man who is highly regarded by the experienced fighters in the army. Duncan then praises Macbeth by calling him O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman This presents us with a very different view of the main character, a relative of the kings, well brought up, a courtier, but still highly regarded. The Captain then goes on to tell us of how Macbeth and Banquo responded to a fresh attack by the Norweyan lord, Sweno: they Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe. Except they meant to bathe in reeking wounds, Or to memorise another Golgotha, I cannot tell- Macbeth and Banquo had fought back twice as hard as if they meant to kill every man there or to create a new burial ground, he could not tell. This shows how good and strong Macbeth is in battle. The Captain goes and Ross and Angus arrive. They tell Duncan that Bellonas bridegroom had won the battle. Macbeth had won and they were painting him as a god. They also tell Duncan that the Thane of Cawdor was a traitor, Duncan decides to reward Macbeth by giving him the Thane of Cawdors title. This is ironic because Macbeth will become a traitor too. We now have two opinions of Macbeth, one evil Macbeth, linked to the witches, and one good Macbeth, a noble warrior who has fought well in battle to protect his country. The third scene is set on the heath, the witches are there, and telling each other what they have been doing since they last met. The first witch wants to put a spell on a sailor whose wife refused to give her chestnuts. She is going to toss his ship about and make sure that he does not sleep. This is reflected when Macbeth can not sleep later on in the play. The third witch shouts: A drum, a drum! Macbeth doth come. They know that it is Macbeth, this too shows the witches insight. A drum is significant because it is a military symbol. We now meet Macbeth and Banquo. The first words Macbeth say are: So fair and foul a day I have not seen. This reflects the words of the witches: Fair is foul, and foul is fair. Which tells us that he is in tune with them and therefore in tune with evil. It is Macbeth who demands to hear what the witches have to say: Speak, if you can: what are you? They acclaim him: All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All hail Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter! Macbeth starts and Banquo asks him why. The witches have seen his thoughts and know his ambitions, he is afraid to hear that other people know his desires. Banquo asks them what the future holds for him and the witches reply: Hail! Hail! Hail! Lesser than Macbeth, and greater. Not so happy, yet much happier. Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none: Then they disappear again into the mist. Macbeth is not happy with the information he has received and demands that they stay and tell him how he is to become Thane of Cawdor and the king. The audience will now be itching to see if the latest predictions are true: after all, the previous have all now happened. Ross and Angus arrive on the scene, they have come from the king to award Macbeth with the title of the Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth doesnt know that the Thane has been sentenced to death for betraying the king: The thane of Cawdor lives. why do you dress me In borrowed robes? Banquo is amazed that the witches are right: What, can the devil speak true? Macbeth thinks to himself: Glamis, and thane of Cawdor: The greatest is behind. He thinks that they are evil and will bring about Macbeths downfall: And oftentimes, to win us to our harm, The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betrays In deepest consequence. Macbeth thinks about Banquos words and fights with his ambition and decides to let fate take its course: If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me, Without my stir. In any screen version, Macbeth on the Estate, I expect a great warrior, respected by the king and fellow noblemen of Scotland. His best friend, Banquo is always by his side, and both dressed in armour coming from battle, with wounds. Macbeth should be about thirty-five to forty, he should be strong and masculine, as he has the strength to unseam a man: from the nave to the chops. I review now two modern interpretations of the play the first will be, Macbeth on the Estate is set on the Ladywood Estate in Birmingham; this is the first difference between the screen version and the text. We open on a desolate estate, you can hear the wind, it is misty, dull, dark and grey. The high rise flats break the skyline. The ground is covered in mud and rubble, something used to be there but has been destroyed. A character comes on scene, he isnt a witch, he is the Thane of Fife, Macduff. He is wearing a black tracksuit and speaks with a Jamaican accent, his words have rhythm. He tells us that what we are about to see, that Duncan is king and that he has become fat and lazy, he is no longer a good king. He tells us that there had been some problems and Duncan had told Macbeth to sort them out. The screen blacks and we see the title, when we return, we get a view from a smashed window, signifying violence. There is eerie music playing in the background, the estate is empty, abandoned. We get a clip of an alley, there are rats running around in it, this shows disease, dirt and decay. We then get a shot of a building, and a shot of another building with some children playing outside it, some men come along and they run away. The camera moves to the inside of a house, the door is kicked in and the men run into the house. The characters are introduced by freeze-frame the first man, the leader is Macbeth, he is wearing jeans and a dark jumper, this may suggest that he is evil. The other characters are introduced including Duncan, who is not at the battle. He is in a Public House; smoking and drinking, he is wearing a bright shirt, which is not buttoned, he is lazy and immoral, he is not as nice a king as Shakespeares Duncan. This makes Macbeth seem less evil when he kills him. The production is not about good fighting evil, it is about bad fighting worse. Shakespeare meant this as a morality play, however this is not a moral king and I feel that it makes me feel more sympathy for Macbeth when he betrays Duncan. The camera brings us back to the house, they are using pepper spray and baseball bats. The image is extremely violent. The television is switched on and Macbeth is distracted by it. The National Lottery is on, he seems drawn to it and is then disgusted by it and smashes the screen. Upstairs Malcolm and Macduff are fighting when they see the Thane of Cawdor, Malcolm jumps out the window Macduff is pushed down the stairs and they go back to tell Duncan. Macbeth comes up the stairs and gets trapped with Banquo. We go back to the Public House, where Malcolm and Macduff have just arrived Macduff keeps pushing Malcolm away. He tells Duncan of how the battle is progressing. This is the role of the Captain in the play. In the play we dont see the battle, this shows us a more violent side to Macbeth, however it shows him as a warrior, not just a nobleman and a loving husband. We hear that Macbeth has won the battle and all the men are praising him. Duncan decides to reward Macbeth with the title the Thane of Cawdor, he sends men to kill the present Cawdor and deliver the message to Macbeth. We then have another extra scene, they drag Cawdor to a car. Three children, the witches, have just broken the window. Cawdor is shut in the car and Malcolm sets it alight. He takes his punishment and does not attempt to escape. A close up on his face shows his disclaim for the learning Malcolm I think that Macbeth would do the same, they are alike, they are both traitors. The camera then follows the black smoke upwards. The eerie music is still playing in the background. We see Macbeth and Banquo walking past a building, voices start to shout from windows and doorways. The voices get faster and come from all over the building. The camera follows the sound. Macbeth moves to go into the building, he seems drawn to it, Banquo tries to stop him but he walks in. They go up some stairs, Macbeth seems to be following something and leads Banquo under some low gaps in the wall to a room. They go in and the witches are standing there. There are candles and tarot cards in the room. They speak to him and he scorns them. The witches are not as frightening as Shakespeares witches are; they do not have the same effect. A car horn beeps and Banquo leaves, Macbeth lingers, again drawn to the evil, and keeps looking at them, walking backwards through the door. They walk out onto the balcony, Macduff and Ross are waiting in a car below, and they tell Macbeth that he is the new Thane of Cawdor and that the old Thane is dead. They get into the car to go to Duncan. We get a close-up of Macbeth in the car, he looks out of the window and thinks about all that has happened if chance shall have me King, why chance may crown me Without my stir Ross is saying the porters speech; this scene is used after the murder of Duncan in the play. They reach the public house and again Macbeth is the first person to come through the door, he gives Duncan money and then starts a pretend fight with him. Duncan gives him his ring as a reward, he has a tattoo saying love on his hand. I think that this shows that he is close to Macbeth. The scenes in the screen version are not in the same order as in the play. The actors are using Shakespearean language in a modern setting. I do not think that this works well. I think that the Macbeth on the screen reacts well with the witches, he is drawn to them. The screen version of Macbeth is not what I imagined him to be like; he is not a well-built man. Banquo is closer to my image of Macbeth. He does not seem to be in an army, whereas in the play there was a military tie with the drum. The fight seems to be a turf-war over drugs. Duncan is not as moral as Shakespeare made him, he smokes and drinks alcohol, he is not a good king. The setting is different, the scenes are not the same, and the morality aspect has changed. The screen version does not portray Macbeth as the tragic hero. He is not the Macbeth I expected to see. The second screen version I am going to look at is Granada, again I expected to see a great warrior, but now I am more curious after seeing the Macbeth on Macbeth on the estate. The Granada version shows us an even more futuristic view of Macbeth but this time it uses actual warriors instead of vicious gangs of thugs, and they are actually fighting another country. We open on the wasteland with the witches. There are lots of bodies and old rubbish skips it looks as though there has been a battle fought here recently. We get a camera shot of the witches robbing the bodies anybody watching the scene can tell that these people are bad, evil almost as robbing the dead is frowned upon by anyone. The witches are dressed in rags and torn cloths they are grubby, they have rotten teeth and are wearing tacky plastic jewellery, They look like tramps. As they each say their lines we get a close up of each witch. When shall we three meet again I can see a middle aged woman rushing to strip the riches of a dead body, when the witches are all finished talking to each other we see them running away from the bodies and disappearing into thin air. there to meet with Macbeth Clutching watches in their hands. The camera then cuts a close up of Macbeth. This time Macbeth looks like I expected he looks strong, he looks like a warrior and he looks braver than the Macbeth we have seen from Macbeth on the estate. The camera cuts to scene two upon a hill in the country side with Duncan, Malcolm an Donalbain, Malcolms sons and Lennox standing talking, we are not told that is who they are but any one who has seen Macbeth before will know that this is who they are. With an explosion the Captain arrives war torn and bleeding, he staggers up the hill towards the group of man with his rifle slung over his back. His rifle is the currant issue weapon to the British Army so again it shows the modern aspect of the play. The Captain falls to the ground I front of the men, Duncan grabs hold of the Captain and shakes him. I can see that this Duncan is also more healthier than the king from Macbeth on the estate, he demands to know what is happening with the war and what about Macbeth. The Captain tells him that they have won the battle and that Macbeth has unseamed a mans body from his nave to his chops. The group all cheer at this they are all proud of their warrior Macbeth. Duncan then realises the Captain and orders someone to take a look at his wounds. Then with another explosion Angus and Ross appear they give the king the news of the Thane of Cawdors betrayal, king Duncan gives the order of the Thane to be killed and Macbeth to be given his title. They turn and leave down the hillside with their guns slung over their backs. The next scene begins in an original sort of way as Macbeth and Banquo riding down towards the wasteland on scramblers. This indeed is futuristic portrayal of the events, maybe the scramblers are there to represent the horses. They are now walking through the wasteland and spot the witches the viewers can now see that the witches predictions are true. Banquo spots them huddled around a fire and asks Macbeth what they are, Macbeth draws his gun and asks them to speak to him. They tell Macbeth his fortune and make paper crowns to symbolise the king, Macbeth is shocked by this and bites his nails, Banquo is questioning why Macbeth is worried and shocked by what the witches have to say. He then goes on to ask the witches what will become of him he seems happy. The witches then burn the crown in a nearby fire, they disappear in a star-trek like way again. Macbeth breaks out of his trance and calls for the witches to come back. I can see the power on his face he is almost annoyed that they are leaving it shows that he likes what they are saying. Its like saying goodbye to all the things he has ever wished for. Almost as soon as the witches leave there is another gunshot as Ross and Angus arrive, Macbeth is told that he has become the thane, he still seems shaken by the witches and now he seems disturbed. He turns his back on Ross, Banquo and Angus, this is what he will go on to do later on in the play to betray all the ones he knows on his quest to be King. He has his gun pressed against his cheek, he likes the power of the gun it makes him feel power, something that he longs to have, and we can hear his thoughts if chance will have me king, why chance may crown me, without my stir We can see instead of fighting everyone to become king he is waiting for chance to crown him, or make him king. He turns to his comrades and says Till then enough come now friends He calls them friends now but would he be calling them friends if he knew he was going to kill his best friend Banquo Out of the two screen versions I prefer this one it presents the Macbeth I think of when I read Shakespeares Macbeth. It shows good camera work to add to the effects. In this version the scenes are in the same order as the book unlike Macbeth on the estate which muddles them around. I also think the witches are better portrayed as adults they seem more evil robbing the bodies. This Duncan is a good king I think this makes Macbeth seem even worse when he goes to kill him it shows that he is willing to kill good people to get where he wants to be. The war seems to be a proper war over land the way it would have been in Shakespeares time, not over drugs. This Screen version does portray Macbeth as the tragic hero I expected to see after first reading the book. Macbeth in both versions seems in a trance like state while the witches are around I think this is significant because the witches could be setting a spell on him.

The Buddhas Four Noble Truths: A Logical Basis For Philosophy Essay

The Buddha's Four Noble Truths: A Logical Basis for Philosophy The Buddha Shakyamuni was born in the 6th century BCE in the area presently known as Nepal. During his 80 year lifetime, he systematically developed a pragmatic, empirically based philosophy which he claimed would lead its followers towards an enlightened existence. Buddhism is commonly called a religion; however, it differs from the usual definition of a religion in that it has no deities, does not promote worship of demigods, and is based on logical reasoning and observation rather than spiritual faith. At the heart of Buddhist philosophy is the Buddha's enumeration of Four Noble Truths: Dukkha (suffering), Samudaya (origin of suffering), Nirodha (cessation of suffering), and Magga (path to cessation of suffering). The Buddha's Four Noble Truths are based on archetypal traits that were elucidated through careful empirical observance and intensive introspection. These Four Noble Truths form a logically coherent set of axioms upon which the whole of Buddhism is based, and provide a solid foundation for a philosophy which is applicable several millennia after its formulation.{1} "What we call a 'being,' or an 'individual,' or 'I,' according to Buddhist philosophy, is only a combination of ever-changing physical and mental forces or energies...." - Walpola Rahula{2} In order to fully understand the Four Noble Truths, it is necessary to investigate the Buddhist view of the individual and its makeup. In some respects, the manner in which Buddhism deals with the mind/body problem is much more advanced than most religious views, and closer to science's understanding of the mind and body. Rather than postulating the existence of an eternal soul with no physical manifestation, the Buddha taught that the person is really a collection of five skandhas or aggregates. These include rupa (matter), vedana (sensations), sanna (perceptions), samkhara (mental formations), and vijnana (consciousness). The aggregate of matter encompasses all tangible aspects of the world. The aggregate of sensations is akin to the process of sensory input; e.g., the activation of retinal cells in the eye. Vedana does not include the process of perception, however; the act of perceiving the senses, i.e., recognition of external sensations, is within the realm... ...nbsp; The idea of the cycle of death and rebirth, a central tenet to both Buddhist philosophy and the Hindu religion, will not be brought into this discussion of the Four Noble Truths. While reincarnation was very important to Buddha's formulation of his beliefs, it is neither a necessary nor sufficient condition for the Four Noble Truths to hold true. When examined from a purely logical and empirical basis, the Four Noble Truths are still valid without the introduction of reincarnation. {2} Walpola Rahula, What the Buddha Taught. Page 25. {3} Sherab Chà ¶dzin Kohn. The Life of the Buddha. Page 19. {4} Sherab Chà ¶dzin Kohn. The Life of the Buddha. Page 19. {5} Walpola Rahula, What the Buddha Taught. Page 29. {6} Sherab Chà ¶dzin Kohn. The Life of the Buddha. Page 19. {7} B. Alan Wallace. Tibetan Buddhism From the Ground Up. Pages 40-41. {8} Walpola Rahula, What the Buddha Taught. Page 36. {9} Sherab Chà ¶dzin Kohn. The Life of the Buddha. Page 19.

Intermediate Accounting

Deflation of consistency (vs.. Comparability) 2. Relevance vs.. Faithful representation a. Investors want information right now 3. Calculate net assets 4. Adjusting entries related to Prepaid Insurance 5. Fundamental qualities of useful accounting information a. Chart In beginning chapters that has relevance, neutrality, etc. 6. Costs that are expensed vs.. Costs that are capitalized for Internally created Intangible assets a. What did we do with R&D costs? 7. Calculate percentage and number of periods for quarterly compounding interest a.Time value of money . Straight-line depreciation a. For an asset that originally had a nine year useful life and decided later that it only had 5 year useful life. Change the depreciation expense 9. Under which cash flows statement category certain satellites fall a. Investing, Financing, or Operating? 10. Review the â€Å"Land† problem related to lump-sum purchases a. Look back at chapter with example about buying a huge tract of land, then land was divided, had to allocate cost of the land. B. Boxes are yellow 11. Calculate goodwill a. Purchase price – fair value market of the net assets 12.Calculate depletion . Like depreciation, except for natural resources 13. Ordinary annuity vs.. Annuity due a. Ordinary annuity happens at the end of a period b. Annuity due happens at the beginning of a period 14. Where should treasury stock be reported? A. On the balance sheet under stockholders equity 15. Bank reconciliation (compute the correct cash balance) 16. Compute ending balance In allowance for unconvertible accounts given the percentage of receivables method is used a. Calculate the ending balance in allowance for doubtful accounts 17. Diagram depiction of TV concept a. Chart is given b.Present value of an annuity due, present value of an ordinary annuity? 18. Revenue recognition – magazine subscriptions a. When do we recognize revenue? B. We recognize revenue when we earn it 19. Identify selling expense 2 0. Compute the floor when apply lower-of-cost-or-market 21 . Compute double-declining balance depreciation expense 22. Impairment of machinery 23. Land vs.. Land Improvements receivable gross method (vs.. Net method) 26. Compute annual insurance expense given premiums paid and prepaid insurance beginning and ending balances 27. Yield from various compounding interest approaches (yearly vs.. Monthly vs.. Weekly) 28. On what type of intangible is recoverability test used? 29. Events that have no effect on net income 30. Capitalization vs.. Expense of expenditures related to a machine 31 . Ingredients of relevance 32. Major distinction between FAST and APP 33. Entry to write off unconvertible accounts using the allowance method 34. Journal entry related to unearned revenue 35. What is consigned inventory 36. Accounting for goods in transit purchased f. O. B destination/f. O. B shipping point 37. Compute PEPS 38. Common stock issued to buy machine – how does this affect statement of cash lows 39.Why use accrual accounting? 40. Publicly traded companies submit financial statements to whom? 41 . Compute net realizable value 42. What principle is violated when a company switches inventory valuation methods from year to year? 43. Characteristics of a perpetual inventory system 44. Capitalized costs of self-constructed assets 45. Compute net accounts receivable 46. Identify cash and cash equivalents 47. Primary users of general-purpose financial statements 48. Characteristics of plant assets 49. Examples of downward earnings management 50. Calculate goodwill

Current Trend In Sustainable Manufacturing System Environmental Sciences Essay

Material and energy resources direction includes the proper choice, installing and managerial of it in fabricating will give impact on the production procedure, energy ingestion and even cut down the pollution. Manufacturer nonsubjective towards sustainable fabrication is maximise the production while minimise the use of stuff and energy resources because the monetary value of the stuff and energy had increased due to consuming of stuffs and non-renewable resources ( Leahu S. , 2012 ) . The demand for merchandise that non environmental friendly should besides be minimize. Stakeholders plays of import function as going external forces for the manufacturer or maker towards bring forthing or utilizing merchandise or stuff which require less energy to bring forth ( Leahu S. , 2012 ) . Factors contribute the consciousness of stakeholders to pull off the fabrication efficiency is the pollution particularly, the planetary heating and besides the addition monetary value of the resources ( Bu nse K. , Sachs J. , and Vodicka M. , 2010 ; Ramani K. et Al, 2010 ) . Resources are defined as natural stuffs, energy resources and all operating supplies. Three methods to better the decrease of stuff and energy resources is discussed which are the resource efficiency direction, merchandise design and the value concatenation optimisation. Ida – Along – Atirah – Energy is a cardinal factor in economic development and in supplying critical services that improve quality of life where required for run intoing all of the basic demands such as nutrient and wellness, agribusiness, instruction, information, and other substructure services ( Kamaruzzaman et. Al, 2011 ) . Therefore, there have possible menaces of energy deficits, planetary heating, and clime alterations pose to society explicate why energy policies worldwide progressively concentrate on developing renewable energy ( Shun-Chung and Li-Hsing, 2011 ) . Besides, utilizing the renewable energy resources can cut down the struggles among states sing energy militias, cut down the pollution and cut down energy related to illness and deceases ( Richa et al. , 2010 ) . There have assorted types of energy resources such as biomass energy, biodiesel energy, hydropower, solar energy, weave energy and etc. These energy resources are considered as renewable and hence, sustainable over comparatively long term. Each of the renewable energy resources is briefly explain in the undermentioned subdivision.INTEGRATED PRODUCT-PROCESS-MACHINE FabricationXxxxREDUCE THE USE OF MATERIAL AND ENERGY RESOURCESManufacturers are responsible on the sum of resources consumed for production of merchandise. The duty non merely on the maker, the authorities besides play of import function by utilizing the economic instruments. The policy wedges under economic instruments is controlled by the authoritiess. Economic instruments operate by bear downing monetary value for the usage of environmental resources likewise to environmental revenue enhancement. This activity improves is decrease of resource usage to merchandise end product promote consumer to exchange from resource inducement merchandises to less resource inducements merchandises. However, maker played more of import function by bettering the resource efficiency is one method to cut down the resource ingestion.Resource Efficiency Manufacturin gEfficiency in fabrication is measured via the sum of energy ingestion ; the benefits and cost nest eggs ( Bunse K. , Sachs J. , and Vodicka M. , 2010 ) . Resources efficiency is the decrease of natural stuffs, energy and all operating supplies because these factors are interrelated and strongly interlinked. Manufacturing procedure and efficiency, merchandise design and value concatenation optimisation are three standards that give impact on fabrication efficiency.Manufacturing Process and EfficiencyThe efficiency can be improved in many countries in organisation because each section plays of import functions and affected the procedure in organisation. Thin fabrication is one construct that can better efficiency status where the organisation organizes every individual subdivision in the production by extinguishing the waste in order to bring forth merchandise good. The wastes are from human, infinite, tools or equipment, engineering, and technology clip in developing new merchandise s ( Deros et al, 2011 ) . Two big leagues ‘ countries are focus to better the resource efficiency which is the public-service corporation optimisation and value technology and stuffs be aftering methodological analysis ( Sheng T. L. , Shiuh T. J. , and Ling L.C, n.d. ) . Under public-service corporation optimisation, command the H2O evaporated and H2O discharge in chilling tower is one manner of energy and waste optimisation. Upgrading the warming, air outing and chilling systems can well take down the public-service corporation cost such as planetary energy direction multi-variable nonlinear system theoretical account ( Lv H. , Duan P. , Yao Q. , Li H. , and Yang X. , 2012 ) . Electrical system efficiency direction needs to be considered to obtain planetary electrical energy ingestion decrease. The first phase design of electric motors must dwell of a few standards which achieve the criterion and besides in good public presentation in footings of environmental sustainability. The standards must be standard to forestall inefficiency during production. Example, the EROD ( Energy decrease oriented design ) platform, which composed of several interrelated systems and tools. The EROD platform can pull off different functionalities in the procedure design which eventually to the full use the electric motors and aid cut down the energy use ( Favi C. , Germani M. , Marconi M. , and Mengoni M. , 2012 ) . Third on the H2O preservation by put ining new water-reduction equipment such as installed the closed-loop systems that enable H2O to be recycled ( Jasinowski J. J. , n.d. ; Sheng T. L. , Shiuh T. J. , and Ling L.C, n.d. ) . The value technology and stuff planning methodological analysis besides aid in bettering the fabrication efficiency. Materials System Applications and Products ( MSAP ) works by place the spreads between the stuff planning algorithm and existent stuff use. Then, model the relationship of machine use and waste coevals. This theoretical accoun t will demo the decrease of waste coevals and betterment in methodological analysis from the first planning. The theoretical account able to propose the optimum processing and transporting paths and at the same clip meets the criterion of sustainable design ( Lv H. , Duan P. , Yao Q. , Li H. , and Yang X. , 2012 ) .Merchandise DesignSustainability and merchandise design correlated as the early design determination give impact on the sustainability. Early design determination besides consequence the full merchandise ‘s life rhythm including the supply concatenation ( transit and logistic ) . Design for environment and Eco-design tools are discussed as parts of invention in the whole value concatenation merchandise ( Ramani K. et Al, 2010 ) . Design for environment. Example of design and sustainability is design for environment ( DFE ) and life rhythm appraisal ( LCA ) . Design for environment considered the consequence of the design procedure processs towards environment and th e design constituent is design towards sustainability ( Ramani K. et Al, 2010 ; Rosen M.A. and Kishawy H.A. , 2012 ) . The procedure must keep the merchandise quality, the monetary value offer and the public presentation of the procedure and besides the merchandise. Design applied scientist is hired to plan a merchandise and procedure which eco-design. Eco-design is an attack of planing a merchandise or procedure with particular consideration on the consequence to the environment during the full life rhythm. Therefore, we need eco-design tools to guarantee that our design run into the specification that the procedure is environmental friendly or can cut down the pollution. One of the eco-design tools called life rhythm appraisal ( LCA ) . LCA is used to analyse the all stages of merchandise life to see the environmental public presentation of procedures and systems. LCA consist of for stairss get downing with the end and range definition, analysis of the stock list appraisal on the impact and informations reading. LCA measured the energy and resources ingestion. ISO 14040:2006 explained about the LCA ; the rules and the model. Figure Thirty shows the stairss for placing environmental impact in LCA. Figure Thirty: Measure for Identifying Environmental Impact ( Ramani K. et Al, 2010 )Value Chain OptimizationValue concatenation procedure is the complicated path in fabrication or organisation for resource efficiency. However, good planned concatenation direction will honor a batch to the environment and economic nest eggs. The value concatenation optimisation is examined the primary energy needed of the pre-production resources, the nursery gas emanation as CO2 equivalent, the direction of the material resources and besides all the energetic resources. This encourage the overall procedure efficiency and sustainability. The model of value-based public presentation covered the investing, operation and fiscal.Better THE ENERGY-EFFICIENCY BY ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMGlobal heating, lifting energy monetary values, and clients ‘ increasing ecological consciousness have pushed energy efficient fabrication to the top of the docket among authoritiess and fabrication companies. Governme nts and companies are both endeavoring to place the most effectual steps to increase energy efficiency in fabrication procedures. Katharina et Al. ( 2010 ) stated that, the fabrication industry, with its 31 % of primary energy usage and 36 % of C dioxide ( CO2 ) emanations, is one of the chief consumers of energy every bit good as one of the largest emitters of CO2.The European Commission ( EC ) estimates that an energy salvaging possible for the fabrication sector of 25 % could be realized by steps such as implementing energy efficient motors, fans and lightings ( EC, 2006b ) . Katharina et Al. ( 2010 ) once more explained that from the fabricating companies ‘ point of position, there are three of import drivers to present energy efficiency betterments. The first manner is by raising the energy monetary values. Rising monetary value for oil and gas monetary values every bit good as other fossil fuels like coal due to scarceness of the specific resources leads to the minimisation of energy ingestion and more of import for fabricating companies. ) . Resource monetary values can be expected to lift continuously in coming old ages ( Berger, 2009 ) due to lifting energy monetary values and the associated rise production costs for steel, chemicals, etc. , doing an addition in other buying costs every bit good. Other than that, energy efficiency betterment can be introduced by new environmental ordinances with their associated costs for CO2 emanations. As the fabrication sector is responsible for about one tierce of planetary CO2 emanations, different policy enterprises and market-oriented ordinances like revenue enhancements, subsidies, tradable emanation licenses, and green certifications were introduced in several states. Companies that improve their energy efficiency and accordingly their C footmark can better their place to face challenges and costs ensuing from current and future CO2 ordinances. Apart from that, altering buying behaviour among the clients with respect to ‘green ‘ and energy efficient merchandises and services besides can be an alternate in presenting the energy efficiency betterment. Companies and end users regard energy efficiency in the usage stage of a merchandise as an of import standard for their buying determinations. Though consumers might non yet pay attending to energy efficiency in the production stage, energy efficient fabrication can be a major factor to cut down the entire environmental impact of a merchandise. As energy efficient fabrication can hold a important impact on the environment al public presentation of a merchandise, it can go a important driver for fight. The above mentioned drivers make energy efficiency an of import pillar lending to all three facets ( ternary underside line ) that are considered in sustainable fabrication models ( see Fig. # ) . Examples in the literature and in the universe of pattern show that although the fabrication sector has made uninterrupted betterment in energy efficiency, economically good energy efficiency potency is non yet exploited. Few documents identified the grounds why the executions of energy efficiency betterment steps are really low among the companies and they are: Decisions based on payback periods alternatively of involvement rate computations Low capital, a low precedence given to energy efficiency by the direction deficiency of information or â€Å" difficult-to-measure constituents † of energy investings ( such as dealing or monitoring costs ) Fig. # . Contribution of energy efficiency to the three chief facets of sustainable fabrication ( ) . Several surveies have besides identified a low position of energy direction as a barrier to energy efficiency. Energy direction can be good for industrial companies for economic, environmental or social grounds. The criterions ISO 50001 and EN 16001 specify some of import demands for direction systems such as the scene of marks and aims and the measuring of energy ingestion. The Implementation of an energy direction can be an alternate to cut down energy ingestion and the related CO2 emanations. Within the model of energy direction the integrating of energy efficiency into production direction is one of import lever to heighten production systems towards energy efficiency as it may be the footing for successfully implementing energy efficiency betterment steps. The term ‘management ‘ can be defined as â€Å" the maps of planning, forming, and commanding the transmutation procedure and its public-service corporation in supplying a good or service to clients † . Some research workers define ‘energy direction ‘ as using â€Å" to resources every bit good as to the supply, transition and use of energy. Basically it involves monitoring, mensurating, entering, analysing, critically analyzing, commanding and airting energy and stuff flows through systems so that least power is expended to accomplish worthwhile purposes † . In Katharina et Al. ( 2010 ) paper, they defined ‘energy direction in production ‘ as including control, monitoring, and betterment activities for energy efficiency. Energy efficiency public presentation has to be considered at the same time with other of import public presentation countries of industrial companies, such as cost, flexibleness, bringing clip, and quality. The first measure for measuring and implementing betterment steps is mensurating and commanding the energy efficiency in production procedures. The determinations can be made with relevant information on impacts of energy public presentation ensuing from production planning and concern determinations, by set uping production information systems towards energy efficiency. The mensurating system can be done by utilizing Key Performance Indicators ( KPI ) . The development and application of energy efficiency indexs depend on the intent for which they will be applied. Other than that, is to utilize the benchmarking system to mensurate the energy efficiency during the production procedure. However, benchmarking for energy efficiency indexs may be implemented for specific industry sectors and on state degrees, but for works and procedure degree merely few indexs for benchmarking exist. Energy efficiency monitoring, benchmarks, and audits are of import for energy direction, as they enable determination shapers to place betterment chances and to maintain path of the effects of their determinations on energy usage. Monitoring and analysis of the energy ingestion of machines and support and fabrication procedures is a measure towards increasing energy efficiency. Insufficient monitoring may ensue in companies non being cognizant of their possible for profitable energy investings. Furthermore, direction system criterions taking at increasing the environmental public presentation and the energy efficiency of a company by bettering the organisation processes exist. This standardisation increases the transparence of companies ‘ procedures and stakeholders can more easy measure the committedness of a company for bettering its environmental public presentation. Apart from that, this criterion besides provides a model for energy-saving activities and counsel for practical actions for energy director can be found.REUSING AND RECOVERING ENERGY IMPLEMENTED IN PRODUCTION SYSTEMThirtyExploitation RENEWABLE RESOURCESBiomass EnergyBiomass energy refers to the energy of biological system such as wood and waste that shops sunlight in the signifier of chemical energy ( Sunday, 2012 ) . The chief usage of this biomass energy in developing states including Malaysia is every bit firewood for cookery and warming. Because of Malaysia is a tropical state that has first-class conditions so that it can guarantee the good in turning status of high biomass energy resources. Therefore, in Malaysia, the Nation Energy Policy has established the importance of Renewable Energy beginnings and highlighted the focal point on the renewable and environmental preservation. Nowadays, states more interested in the turning in biomass energy that will lend to the decrease of poorness in developing states, increase the sustainable energy supply and cut down the emanation of C dioxide. ( Ying et al. , 2011 ) Biomass is one of the oldest and simplest manner to utilizing the energy by burning procedure to bring forth the electricity and heat ( Amine, 2011 ) . Therefore, biomass is considered to be one of the chief renewable energy resources of the hereafter due to its big potency for economic viability and assorted societal and environmental benefits.Solar EnergySolar energy is the most promising of the renewable energy beginnings in position of its evident illimitable potenc y. The Sun radiates its energy at the rate of about 3.8 A-1023 kilowatts per second. Most of this energy is transmitted radially as electromagnetic radiation which comes to about 1.5kW/m2 at the boundary of the ambiance. After tracking the ambiance, a square meter of the Earth ‘s surface can have every bit much as 1 kilowatt of solar power, averaging to about 0.5 over all hours of daytime ( Sunday, 2012 ) . In malice of high potency, solar energy engineerings are non now widely used, except for flat-plate solar aggregators for domestic hot H2O production in the coastal parts. ( Kamil, 2002 ) . In Malaysia, the most solar power are used for domestic degree merely such as hot H2O system, H2O pumping and drying of agricultural green goods ( Tick et al. , 2010 ) .Wind energyWind power is the transition of air current energy into more utile signifiers, normally electricity utilizing air current turbines. Harmonizing to Betz ‘s jurisprudence, wind turbine can take advantage of up to 60 % of the power of the air current. Nevertheless, in pattern, their efficiency is about 40 % for rather high air current velocities. The remainder of the energy denseness of the air current non gettable is exergy loss. This exergy loss appears chiefly as heat ( Arif, 2008 ) .The use of this energy is still in the early phase because of the deficiency of fiscal option. However, in Malaysia, air current energy transition is a serious consideration that the potency of this energy is depends on the handiness of air current resource that varies with location. Therefore to develop the undertaking of air current energy, the natural air current at the site shall understand clearly ( Tick et al. , 2010 ) . The air current sector showed impressive growing rates in the twelvemonth 2009 possibly due to an addition in consciousness of the importance of air current energy and its economic, societal and environmental benefits ( Kamaruzzaman et al. , 2011 ) .Hydro powerHydropower is the lo ne renewable energy engineering that is commercially feasible on a big graduated table in Malaysia. Furthermore, hydropower dikes can and hold made of import and important parts to human development which is a renewable energy beginning and produces negligible sums of nursery gases. In long term, it shops big sums of electricity at low cost and it can be adjusted to run into consumer demand. Furthermore, hydro dikes are multipurpose and are built chiefly for social-economic development like irrigation, H2O supply, inundation control, electric power and betterment of pilotage ( Ong et al. , 2011 ) . Hydroelectricity contributes about 2.8 % ( 2000 MW ) of Malaysia ‘s entire electricity demands and supplying 6 % of universe energy supply. Tenaga Nasional Berhad operates three hydroelectric strategies in Peninsular which are Sungai Perak, Terengganu and Cameron Highland with an installed generating capacity of 1911 MW ( Tick et al. , 2010 ) . Presently, the biggest hydropower unde rtaking in Malaysia and largest dike in South-east is the on-going Bakun hydropower undertaking holding a capacity of 2400 MW, located at Sarawak and it is emission free which has no impact on planetary heating. This Bakun hydropower will function the electricity to the peninsular of Malaysia through the undersea cables that will be ready on 2015 for first stage overseas telegrams and 2017 for the 2nd stage ( Shafie et al. 2011 ) .DecisionIba – Ema – Ida – Along – Atirah –Recognitionsthirty